Doxycycline is an antibiotic that is commonly used in combination with other antimalarial drugs for the treatment of uncomplicated malaria, particularly caused by Plasmodium falciparum, in areas where drug resistance is a concern. It is also frequently employed for malaria prophylaxis in travelers going to endemic regions, starting 1-2 days before entering the area and continuing for a period after leaving.
While doxycycline is effective against resistant strains of malaria, it is not suitable as a standalone treatment for severe malaria, and it usually takes several days to see clinical improvement when used in treatment regimens.
Additionally, doxycycline has some potential side effects, including photosensitivity, which increases the risk of sunburn, gastrointestinal discomfort, and esophageal irritation, so it should be taken with plenty of water. It is generally well tolerated but is not recommended for children under 8 years or pregnant women due to possible effects on teeth and bone development.
Overall, doxycycline is an important component of malaria prevention and combination therapy, especially in regions with resistant parasites, but should be used under medical supervision with awareness of its limitations and side effects.
For adults only, the doxycycline dosage for malaria prophylaxis is:
- Take 100 mg once daily**.
- Start the Day 1-2 before entering the malaria-endemic area.
- Continue daily during the entire stay in the region.
- Maintain for 4 weeks after leaving the area.
- Take with a full glass of water to prevent esophageal irritation.
- Can be taken with food to reduce stomach upset, but avoid dairy products and antacids close to the dose time, as they can interfere with absorption.
- If a dose is missed, take it as soon as you remember on the same day; if it's almost time for the next dose, skip the missed one and resume your regular schedule.
Always follow medical advice for personalized instructions and check for any contraindications.
Medicines and their possible side effects can affect individual people in different ways. The following are some of the side effects that are known to be associated with this medicine. Just because a side effect is stated here, it does not mean that all people using this medicine will experience that or any side effect.
Doxycycline may cause a range of side effects, some of which are more common than others. Here are the potential side effects associated with its use, particularly for treating acne:
Common Side Effects:
1. Gastrointestinal Issues: This can include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain, and loss of appetite.
2. Photosensitivity: Increased sensitivity to sunlight, leading to a higher risk of sunburn. Patients are advised to use sunscreen and protective clothing.
3. Dizziness or Lightheadedness: Some patients may experience feelings of dizziness, which can affect balance.
4. Skin Reactions: Skin rashes or itching may occur in some individuals.
Less Common but Serious Side Effects:
1. Allergic Reactions: Symptoms such as hives, swelling of the face, lips, tongue, or throat, and difficulty breathing may indicate a serious allergic reaction.
2. Esophageal Irritation: If doxycycline is not taken with enough water, it may cause inflammation or irritation of the esophagus.
3. Severe Skin Reactions: Rarely, it may lead to conditions such as Stevens-Johnson syndrome, characterized by a severe rash and skin peeling.
4. Liver Damage: Signs include jaundice (yellowing of the skin or eyes), dark urine, and severe fatigue.
5. Intracranial Hypertension: Symptoms may include severe headache, blurred vision, and vision loss.
For full information on side effects and correct use, see the patient information leaflet. If any side effects concern you, or you are experiencing any of the side effects mentioned in the patient information leaflet whilst taking this medication, please contact our clinical team or speak to your GP.
1. Allergic Reactions: Patients with a known allergy to doxycycline or other tetracycline antibiotics should not take this medication. Severe allergic reactions can occur and may present as rash, itching, or difficulty breathing.
2. Pregnancy and Breastfeeding: Doxycycline is contraindicated during pregnancy because it can affect fetal development, particularly in forming teeth and bones. It is also not recommended for breastfeeding mothers as it can be excreted in breast milk and may affect the infant.
3. Children: Doxycycline should generally be avoided in children under the age of 8 because it can cause permanent discoloration of teeth and may inhibit bone growth.
4. Photosensitivity: Doxycycline can increase sensitivity to sunlight, raising the risk of sunburn. Patients should be advised to use sunscreen, wear protective clothing, and avoid prolonged sun exposure.
5. Liver and Kidney Function: Caution is advised in patients with liver or kidney impairment, as these conditions can affect drug metabolism and excretion. Liver function should be monitored regularly during treatment.
6. Intracranial Hypertension: Doxycycline has been associated with increased intracranial pressure, which can lead to symptoms such as severe headache, blurred vision, and visual disturbances. Patients experiencing these symptoms should seek medical attention.
7. Drug Interactions: Doxycycline may interact with other medications, including anticoagulants, antacids, and other antibiotics. Patients should inform their healthcare provider of all medications and supplements they are taking.
8. Esophageal Irritation: Patients should be advised to take doxycycline with a full glass of water and remain upright for at least 30 minutes afterward to reduce the risk of esophageal irritation.
Get emergency medical help if you have signs of an allergic reaction to this medication. These include:
- Hives
- Dizziness
- Fast or pounding heartbeats
- Wheezing
- Difficult breathing
- Swelling of your face, lips, tongue, or throat.
It is important that you let us know which prescription, over-the-counter medicines and recreational drugs you are currently taking. You must also tell us about any other medical conditions that you currently have (or had in the past). This will help us ensure the prescribed medication is safe and appropriate for you to take.
For full information on warnings, medication interactions and contraindications, refer to the Patient Information Leaflet. Please read all packaging and the Patient Information Leaflet before taking any new medicine and inform our clinical team or your GP of medicines you are taking or intend to take.
