Doxycycline is an antibiotic frequently used to treat moderate to severe acne that hasn't responded to topical treatments. It works by reducing the growth of Propionibacterium acnes, the bacteria associated with acne formation, and has anti-inflammatory properties that help decrease redness and swelling. Many patients see significant improvement in their acne within weeks of starting doxycycline, and it is often prescribed for several weeks to months.
In addition to its primary use for acne, doxycycline is also effective for other skin conditions such as rosacea. It can be used alone or in combination with topical treatments like retinoids, benzoyl peroxide, or other antibiotics for enhanced effectiveness.
While doxycycline is generally well-tolerated, it may cause side effects such as gastrointestinal upset, skin sensitivity to sunlight (photosensitivity), dizziness, and, in rare cases, allergic reactions. Patients are advised to use sunscreen and avoid excessive sun exposure during treatment to prevent sunburn.
To maximize its benefits, it is crucial for patients to follow their healthcare provider's dosage instructions and continue the medication for the full prescribed duration, even if their symptoms improve earlier. If side effects are severe or if acne persists despite treatment, patients should consult their healthcare provider for alternative options or adjustments to their treatment plan.
Overall, doxycycline is a valuable option for managing acne, particularly when other treatments have failed, but it should be used under medical supervision to ensure safety and effectiveness.
According to NICE (National Institute for Health and Care Excellence) guidelines, doxycycline is prescribed for acne treatment in specific situations. The typical dosage for adults is usually 100 mg taken once daily, possibly adjusted to 50 mg twice daily for some patients. Doxycycline should be taken with a full glass of water to minimize the risk of esophageal irritation and is best consumed on an empty stomach, one hour before or two hours after meals.
Patients are advised to avoid dairy products, antacids, and supplements containing calcium or iron close to the time of taking doxycycline, as these can interfere with absorption. Because doxycycline can increase sensitivity to sunlight, it is recommended to use sunscreen and avoid excessive sun exposure while on treatment.
The duration of treatment varies but is generally recommended for at least 12 weeks to assess its effectiveness. Patients should continue the treatment for the full prescribed period, even if symptoms improve, to prevent a relapse. Regular follow-up appointments with a healthcare provider are important to evaluate treatment progress and make necessary adjustments. If any severe side effects occur, patients should contact their healthcare provider promptly for further advice.
Medicines and their possible side effects can affect individual people in different ways. The following are some of the side effects that are known to be associated with this medicine. Just because a side effect is stated here, it does not mean that all people using this medicine will experience that or any side effect.
Doxycycline may cause a range of side effects, some of which are more common than others. Here are the potential side effects associated with its use, particularly for treating acne:
Common Side Effects:
1. Gastrointestinal Issues: This can include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain, and loss of appetite.
2. Photosensitivity: Increased sensitivity to sunlight, leading to a higher risk of sunburn. Patients are advised to use sunscreen and protective clothing.
3. Dizziness or Lightheadedness: Some patients may experience feelings of dizziness, which can affect balance.
4. Skin Reactions: Skin rashes or itching may occur in some individuals.
Less Common but Serious Side Effects:
1. Allergic Reactions: Symptoms such as hives, swelling of the face, lips, tongue, or throat, and difficulty breathing may indicate a serious allergic reaction.
2. Esophageal Irritation: If doxycycline is not taken with enough water, it may cause inflammation or irritation of the esophagus.
3. Severe Skin Reactions: Rarely, it may lead to conditions such as Stevens-Johnson syndrome, characterized by a severe rash and skin peeling.
4. Liver Damage: Signs include jaundice (yellowing of the skin or eyes), dark urine, and severe fatigue.
5. Intracranial Hypertension: Symptoms may include severe headache, blurred vision, and vision loss.
For full information on side effects and correct use, see the patient information leaflet. If any side effects concern you, or you are experiencing any of the side effects mentioned in the patient information leaflet whilst taking this medication, please contact our clinical team or speak to your GP.
1. Allergic Reactions: Patients with a known allergy to doxycycline or other tetracycline antibiotics should not take this medication. Severe allergic reactions can occur and may present as rash, itching, or difficulty breathing.
2. Pregnancy and Breastfeeding: Doxycycline is contraindicated during pregnancy because it can affect fetal development, particularly in forming teeth and bones. It is also not recommended for breastfeeding mothers as it can be excreted in breast milk and may affect the infant.
3. Children: Doxycycline should generally be avoided in children under the age of 8 because it can cause permanent discoloration of teeth and may inhibit bone growth.
4. Photosensitivity: Doxycycline can increase sensitivity to sunlight, raising the risk of sunburn. Patients should be advised to use sunscreen, wear protective clothing, and avoid prolonged sun exposure.
5. Liver and Kidney Function: Caution is advised in patients with liver or kidney impairment, as these conditions can affect drug metabolism and excretion. Liver function should be monitored regularly during treatment.
6. Intracranial Hypertension: Doxycycline has been associated with increased intracranial pressure, which can lead to symptoms such as severe headache, blurred vision, and visual disturbances. Patients experiencing these symptoms should seek medical attention.
7. Drug Interactions: Doxycycline may interact with other medications, including anticoagulants, antacids, and other antibiotics. Patients should inform their healthcare provider of all medications and supplements they are taking.
8. Esophageal Irritation: Patients should be advised to take doxycycline with a full glass of water and remain upright for at least 30 minutes afterward to reduce the risk of esophageal irritation.
Get emergency medical help if you have signs of an allergic reaction to this medication. These include:
- Hives
- Dizziness
- Fast or pounding heartbeats
- Wheezing
- Difficult breathing
- Swelling of your face, lips, tongue, or throat.
It is important that you let us know which prescription, over-the-counter medicines and recreational drugs you are currently taking. You must also tell us about any other medical conditions that you currently have (or had in the past). This will help us ensure the prescribed medication is safe and appropriate for you to take.
For full information on warnings, medication interactions and contraindications, refer to the Patient Information Leaflet. Please read all packaging and the Patient Information Leaflet before taking any new medicine and inform our clinical team or your GP of medicines you are taking or intend to take.
