Fluconazole is an antifungal medication commonly used to treat oral thrush, which is a fungal infection caused by Candida species in the mouth. It works by inhibiting the growth of fungi, helping to clear the infection. Fluconazole is usually prescribed in a single dose or a short course, depending on the severity of the infection. It is effective and well-tolerated, but should be used under medical supervision to avoid potential side effects such as stomach upset, headache, or allergic reactions.
According to the British National Formulary (BNF), the typical dosage of fluconazole for oral thrush in adults is 50 mg once daily for a duration of 7 days.
It's important to follow a healthcare provider's instructions and consider individual patient factors when using this medication.
Fluconazole is generally well-tolerated, but it can cause side effects. Here are some detailed side effects associated with fluconazole use:
**Common Side Effects:**
- Headache
- Gastrointestinal discomfort (nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, diarrhea)
- Rash or skin itching
- Dizziness
**Less Common Side Effects:**
- Elevated liver enzymes (hepatotoxicity)
- Changes in taste perception
- Fatigue
- Muscle or joint pain
**Rare but Serious Side Effects:**
- Liver damage or hepatitis, which may present with jaundice (yellowing of skin or eyes), dark urine, severe fatigue, or abdominal pain
- Allergic reactions, including rash, itching, swelling, severe dizziness, or difficulty breathing
- Heart rhythm disturbances (QT prolongation), which can cause irregular heartbeat
- Blood disorders such as aplastic anemia or leukopenia (rare)
**Notes:**
- Liver function tests may be recommended during prolonged or high-dose therapy.
- Patients with pre-existing liver disease should use fluconazole cautiously and under medical supervision.
- Serious side effects are rare but require immediate medical attention.
Always inform your healthcare provider of any unusual or severe symptoms during treatment.
Fluconazole carries certain warnings that should be carefully considered:
- **Liver Toxicity:** Fluconazole can cause liver damage, which may be severe or fatal. Liver function should be monitored, especially in patients with pre-existing liver disease or those on long-term therapy.
- **Drug Interactions:** Fluconazole can interact with other medications, such as warfarin, quinidine, and certain antiepileptic drugs, increasing the risk of adverse effects or altering drug effectiveness.
- **QT Prolongation:** It may cause QT interval prolongation, leading to arrhythmias. Patients with a history of heart rhythm disorders should be monitored.
- **Pregnancy and Breastfeeding:** Use during pregnancy is generally advised only if clearly needed, as it may harm the fetus. It is excreted in breast milk, so caution is advised when prescribed to nursing mothers.
- **Immune-compromised Patients:** Higher doses or prolonged therapy may be required, but these patients are at increased risk for side effects.
- **Hypersensitivity:** Allergic reactions, including rash, swelling, or difficulty breathing, can occur; immediate medical attention is necessary if symptoms develop.
Always discuss your medical history and any current medications with your healthcare provider before starting fluconazole.
